ABSTRACT
Scarlet fever is a respiratory disease caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS). It commonly attacks school children and has no available vaccine currently.The human history, especially European Industrial Revolution and Victorian Era, has witnessed large scale scarlet fever epidemics.Before antibiotics were invented, scarlet fever was once a highly transmissible disease with high mortality about 30%-50%.With the wide use of antibiotics after World War Ⅱ, the incidence and mortality of scarlet fever decrease significantly.Invasive streptococcal infections resurge in Europe and America in 1980s.In the past ten years, the incidence of scarlet fever kept increasing in several countries around the world.In this article, the latest research progress of scarlet fever epidemiology and pathogenesis was reviewed.Meanwhile, potential mechanisms and risk factors for the recently increasing incidence of scarlet fever in various regions were discussed.
ABSTRACT
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a very important pathogen, especially for children.On a global scale, GAS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.But the burden of disease caused by GAS is still unknown in China and also has not obtained enough attention.For this purpose, the expert consensus is comprehensively described in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GAS diseases in children, covering related aspects of pneumology, infectiology, immunology, microbiology, cardiology, nephrology, critical care medicine and preventive medicine.Accordingly, the consensus document was intended to improve management strategies of GAS disease in Chinese children.
ABSTRACT
Objective To learn about the overall genomic characteristics and population structure of Helicobacterpylori isolated in China.Methods In this study,we used 10 public available genome sequences of H.pylori strains isolated in China,combined with other H.pylori sequences from GenBank,to analyzed the overall genomic characteristics of H.pylori isolated in China.Core genes and strain specific genes were determined for a further function definition.Results A total of 1 203 core genes were found among all sequenced China H.pylori isolates.The number of strain specific genes ranged from 19 to 32.These genes mainly encodes hypothetical proteins which might play an important role in adaption to different hosts.Genomic variation regions were mainly in genes encoding type four secretion systems and restriction modification systems.All the China isolates belong to hpEastAsia group,hspEAsia subgroup.Prophages sequences were found in three China H.pylori strains,carrying key elements required for phage assembly.Conclusion China H.pylori isolates belong to hpEastAsia group,hspEAsia subgroup,and some isolates contain prophages.
ABSTRACT
Objective To learn about the overall genomic characteristics and population structure of Helicobacterpylori isolated in China.Methods In this study,we used 10 public available genome sequences of H.pylori strains isolated in China,combined with other H.pylori sequences from GenBank,to analyzed the overall genomic characteristics of H.pylori isolated in China.Core genes and strain specific genes were determined for a further function definition.Results A total of 1 203 core genes were found among all sequenced China H.pylori isolates.The number of strain specific genes ranged from 19 to 32.These genes mainly encodes hypothetical proteins which might play an important role in adaption to different hosts.Genomic variation regions were mainly in genes encoding type four secretion systems and restriction modification systems.All the China isolates belong to hpEastAsia group,hspEAsia subgroup.Prophages sequences were found in three China H.pylori strains,carrying key elements required for phage assembly.Conclusion China H.pylori isolates belong to hpEastAsia group,hspEAsia subgroup,and some isolates contain prophages.